By Year of Appointment

African American Ambassadors

1949

Edward R. Dudley - Liberia

1953

Jessie D. Locker - Liberia

1955

Richard L. Jones - Liberia

1959

John Howard Morrow - Guinea

1961

Clifton R. Wharton* - Norway
Mercer Cook - Niger

1963

Carl T. Rowan - Finland

1964

Mercer Cook - Senegal
Clinton E. Knox - Dahomey

1965

Mercer Cook - The Gambia
Patricia Roberts Harris - Luxembourg
Hugh H. Smythe - Syrian Arab Republic
Franklin H. Williams - Ghana

1966

Elliot P. Skinner - Upper Volta

1967

Hugh H. Smythe - Malta

1968

Samuel C. Adams - Niger

1968

Clinton E. Knox* - Haiti
Terence A. Todman* - Chad
Samuel Z. Westerfield* - Liberia

1970

Jerome Heartwell Holland - Sweden
Clarence Clyde Ferguson, Jr. - Uganda

1971

Charles J. Nelson - Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland
John E. Reinhardt** - Nigeria

1972

W. Beverly Carter*** - Tanzania
Terence A. Todman* - Guinea

1973

O. Rudolph Aggrey** - Senegal and The Gambia

1974

David B. Bolen - Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland
Theodore R. Britten, Jr. - Barbados and Grenada
Terence A. Todman* - Costa Rica

1976

W. Beverly Carter** - Liberia
Ronald D. Palmer* - Togo
Charles A. James*** - Niger

1977

Andrew Young - USUN/ New York
Wilbert J. LeMelle - Kenya
Ulrich Haynes - Algeria
Mabel M. Smythe - Cameroon
Richard K. Fox, Jr.* - Trinidad and Tobago
William B. Jones* - Haiti
Maurice D. Bean* - Burma
O. Rudolph Aggrey*** - Romania

1978

Terence A. Todman* - Spain

1979

Donald F. McHenry - USUN/ New York
Horace G. Dawson** - Botswana
Anne F. Holloway - Mali
William B. Carter - At-Large (Liaison with State & Local Gov't)

1980

Walter C. Carrington - Senegal
Barbara M. Watson - Malaysia

1981

John A. Burroughs, Jr. * - Malawi
Ronald D. Palmer* - Malaysia
Melvin H. Evans - Trinidad and Tobago
Gerald E. Thomas - Guyana

1982

Howard K. Walker* - Togo

1983

Arthur W. Lewis** - Sierra Leone
Terence A. Todman* - Denmark
Gerald E. Thomas - Kenya
George E. Moose* - Benin

1985

Edward J. Perkins* - Liberia
Irvin Hicks* - Seychelles

1986

Ronald D. Palmer* - Mauritius
Cynthia Shepard Perry - Sierra Leone
Edward J. Perkins* - South Africa

1988

George E. Moose* - Senegal

1989

Cynthia Shepard Perry - Burundi
Stephen J. Rhodes - Zimbabwe
Terence A. Todman* - Argentina
Howard K. Walker* - Madagascar
Ruth V. Washington***** - The Gambia
Johnny Young* - Sierra Leone
Jewel Stradford Lafontant - At-Large (U.S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs)

1990

Aurelia Erskine Brazeal* - Micronesia
Arlene Render* - The Gambia
Leonard O. Spearman, Sr. - Lesotho

1991

Charles R. Baquet, III* - Djibouti
Johnnie Carson* - Uganda

1992

Ruth A. Davis* - Benin
Kenton Wesley Keith** - Qatar
Edward J. Perkins* - USUN/ New York
Joseph Monroe Segars* - Cape Verde
Irvin Hicks, Sr. - Alternate Representative of the U.S. to the 47th Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations (With Rank of Ambassador)

1993

Aurelia Erskine Brazeal* - Kenya
Walter C. Carrington - Nigeria
Edward J. Perkins* - Australia
Leslie M. Alexander* - Mauritius
Howard F. Jeter* - Botswana

1994

Sidney Williams - Bahamas
Irvin Hicks. Sr.* - Ethiopia
Johnny Young* - Togo
Carl B. Stokes - Seychelles
Jerome Gary Cooper - Jamaica

1995

Johnnie Carson* - Zimbabwe
Bismark Myrick* - Lesotho
Mosina H. Jordan*** - Central African Republic
James A. Joseph - South Africa

1996

Leslie M. Alexander* - Ecuador
John F. Hicks, Sr.*** - Eritrea
Arlene Render* - Zambia
Sharon P. Wilkinson* - Burkina Faso

1997

Betty Eileen King - US Rep. ECOSOC/UN
George E. Moose* - USUN Geneva
Johnny Young* - Bahrain

1998

Shirley E. Barnes* - Madagascar
William D. Clarke* - Eritrea
George Williford Boyce Haley - The Gambia
Elizabeth McKune* - Qatar
Robert C. Perry* - Central African Republic
George McDade Staples* - Rwanda
Charles R. Stith - Tanzania

1999

Johnnie Carson* - Kenya
Harriet L. Elam-Thomas* - Senegal
Gregory L. Johnson* - Swaziland
Delano Eugene Lewis, Sr. - South Africa
Carol Moseley-Braun - New Zealand
Bismark Myrick* - Liberia
Sylvia Gaye Stanfield* - Brunei Darussalam
Diane E. Watson - Micronesia

2000

Howard F. Jeter* - Nigeria
Pamela E. Bridgewater* - Benin
Sharon P. Wilkinson* - Mozambique

2001

George McDade Staples* - Cameroon/Equatorial Guinea
Johnny Young* - Slovenia
Roy L. Austin - Trinidad and Tobago
Arlene Render* - Cote d’Ivoire
Mattie R. Sharpless* - Central African Republic
Wanda L. Nesbitt* - Madagascar
Pierre-Richard Prosper - At-Large (Office of War Crimes)
Francis X. Taylor - At-Large: Coordinator of Counter-Terrorism and Director, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons

2002

James David McGee* - Swaziland
Larry L. Palmer* - Honduras
Richard Lewis Baltimore* - Oman
Joseph Huggins* - Botswana
James I. Gadsden* - Iceland
Aurelia Erskine Brazeal* - Ethiopia
Robin Renee Sanders* - Congo
Charles Aaron Ray* - Cambodia
Gail Denise Mathieu* - Níger
Francis X. Taylor - Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Diplomatic Security & Director, Office of Foreign Missions (with Rank of Ambassador)

2003

Harry K. Thomas, Jr.* - Bangladesh
Roland W. Bullen* - Guyana

2004

Margarita Ragsdale* - Djibouti
June Carter Perry* - Lesotho
Joyce A. Barr* - Namibia
James D. McGee* - Madagascar
Jendayi E. Frazer - South Africa

2005

Pamela E. Bridgewater* - Ghana
Roger D. Pierce* - Cape Verde

2006

Bernadette Allen* - Niger
Eric M. Bost - South Africa
Gayleatha B. Brown* - Benin
Cindy L. Courville - African Union
Clyde Bishop* - Marshall Islands

2007

Wanda L. Nesbitt* - Cote d’Ivoire
Maurice S. Parker* - Swaziland
June Carter Perry* - Sierra Leone
John L. Withers* - Albania, Zimbabwe
Eunice S. Reddick* - Republic of Gabon, Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
Robin R. Sanders* - Nigeria
Barry L. Wells**** - The Gambia

2008

Marcia S. Bernicat* - Senegal and Guinea Bissau
John Jones* - Guyana
Linda Thomas-Greenfield* - Liberia
C. Steven McGann* - Fiji

2009

Susan Rice - USUN/ New York
Gayleatha Brown* - Burkina Faso
Charles Aaron Ray* - Zimbabwe
Teddy B. Taylor* - Papua New Guinea
Mary Jo Wills* - Mauritius
Nicole Avant - Bahamas
Ron Kirk - U.S. Trade Representative (With Rank of Ambassador)
Bonnie D. Jenkins - Coordinator for Threat Reduction Programs (With Rank of Ambassador)

2010

Ertharin Cousins - USUN/Rome
Michael Battle - African Union
Alfonso Lenhardt - Tanzania
William Kennard - European Union
Betty Eileen King - USUN/ Geneva
Harry K. Thomas, Jr.* - Philippines
Beatrice Welters - Trinidad and Tobago
Bisa Williams* - Niger
Helen Reed-Rowe* - Palau
Pamela Bridgewater* - Jamaica

2011

Pamela Spratlen* - Republic of Kyrgyzstan
Sue K. Brown* - Montenegro
Frankie Reed* - Fiji
Adrienne S. O’Neal* - Cape Verde
Susan Page - South Sudan
Suzan Johnson Cook - At-Large (International Religious Freedom)

2012

Larry Palmer* - Barbados, St. Kitts, St. Nevis
Gina Abercrombie-Winstanley* - Malta
Makila James* - Swaziland

2013

Tulinabo Mushingi* - Burkina Faso
Patrick Gaspard - South Africa
Reuben E. Brigety, II - African Union

2014

Dwight L. Bush, Sr. - Morocco
Robert Wood* - U.S. Representative to the Conference on Disarmament and U.S. Special Representative for Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Issues (With Rank of Ambassador)
Michael Lawson - International Civil Aviation Organization
Brian Nichols* - Peru
Eunice Reddick* - Niger
Todd Robinson* - Guatemala
Cynthia H. Akuetteh* - Republic of Gabon, Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
Daniel Yohannes - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Stafford Haney - Costa Rica
Pamela Spratlen* - Uzbekistan
Marcia Bernicat* - Bangladesh
Crystal Nix-Hines - United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

2015

Carolyn Alsup* - The Gambia
John Estrada - Trinidad & Tobago
Gentry O. Smith - Director of the Office of Foreign Missions (with Ambassador Rank)
Harry K. Thomas, Jr.* - Zimbabwe

2016

NONE

2017

Joel E. Danies* - Gabon and Sao Tome & Principe
Tulinabo S. Mushingi* - Senegal & Guinea-Bissau

2018

Dereck J. Hogan* - Moldova
Brian A. Nichols* - Zimbabwe

2019

Natalie E. Brown* - Uganda

2020

Linda Thomas-Greenfield* - United Nations (New York)

2021

Michael Battle - Tanzania
Sharon L. Cromer* - The Gambia
Tulinabo Salama Mushingi* - Angola
N. Nickolas Perry - Jamaica

2022

Yohannes Abraham - Representative of the United States of America to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (With Rank of Ambassador)
Jessica Davis Ba* - Cote d’Ivoire
Candace A. Bond - Trinidad and Tobago
Rueben E Brigety, II - South Africa
Timmy T. Davis* - Qatar
Vernelle Trim FitzPatrick* - Gabon
Ervin Jose Massinga* - Ethiopia
John Nkengasong - Coordinator of United States Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally (With Rank of Ambassador-At Large)
Robert A. Wood* - Alternate Representative of the United States of America for Special Political Affairs in the United Nations (With Rank of Ambassador)

2024

Arthur W. Brown - Ecuador

*Career Foreign Service Officer
**Career Foreign Service Information Officer
***Career Foreign Service AID Officer
****Career Civil Service Officer
*****Killed in automobile accident in route to post

African American U.S. Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, and Ambassadors Since 1869 - from Blackpast.org